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BaGua (Pakua)
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Ba Gua,
Pa Kua, Bagua, Pakua, Bagua zhang, Bagua Quan, Pakua Chuan, which ever way you
prefer to spell or pronounce it, it is the same sysytem. Usually if the chuan
or zhang is left out of the spelling then one would be referring to the
philosophical aspects of the art, but to me you cannot have one without the
other. I have also heard bagua referred to as eight trigram boxing and eight
diagram boxing, being the art is based upon the I-Ching, I believe Eight
Trigram Boxing would be the most appropriate.
The
origins of pakua can be traced back to I Ching, which is said to be over 3000
years old. The I Ching, or Book of Changes, contains the outline for a source a
divination. The technique originally involved the use of a tortoise shell that
was heated, then cracked, the cracks correlated to the eight trigrams, which in
turn, could predict future events. The I-Ching is said to be developed by Fu
His, at a later date the I Ching was “updated” by King Wang and his son.
The idea
behind the I Ching is that there is a singularity that all things derive from.
This singularity divided, the division was represented by a whole line and a
divided line. These two continually split until it created the eight trigrams,
or the pakua. Each of the kua’s relate to a planet, season, color, time, family
member, element, and many other things. The kua’s are set in a circle and have
a creative and destructive cycle, it is through this that the martial art of
pakua was formed. Many will argue that the Martial Art of Baguazhang is not
related to the I Ching, each has their own opinion and good arguments to base
their beliefs upon. I choose to write about what I know and will try to offer
other ideas as well.
Unlike most martial arts,
Ba Gua can be traced back to its founder, and like other systems, this also has
been twisted and filled with falsehoods in hopes to further the mysteries that
surround the martial arts. Dong Haichuan is accredited as the originator of Ba
Gua; Dong Haichuan's martial skills were already at a very high level, when he
began to study with some Doaist monks who used circle walking as a form of
moving meditation. Dong Hai Tuen incorporated their philosophies and circular
methods to create Bagua. Some say Dong Hai Tuen learned Pakua from a monk named
Bi Deng Xia, who himself learned bagua from the real originator. There are, of
course, other versions of the origins of pakua, too numerous to name here. For
all that it is worth Dong Hai Tuen’s students definitely contributed to the
popularization of this style through out the world, and many of the recognized
styles of Ba Gua can be traced back to the students of Dong Haichuan.
Ba Gua usually consists of
various circle walking techniques, followed by two “palm changes” (ways to
reverse direction on the circle), and eight postures, sometimes named after
animals, and sometimes not. These eight postures in turn create an endless
array of combination; the most widely used is the 64 combination sets, because
eight times eight equal sixty-four. Chi gung is usually practiced along with
exercise and warm up sets. Some systems offer weapons and others don’t, the
most common weapons include the straight sword, saber, broadsword, deer horns,
staff, and double daggers. The original version is usually referred to as
dragon or swimming dragon style.
Basic
Principals of Circle Walking
There are many forms of Ba
Gua today, and most seem to have a direct lineage to Dong Hai Tuen himself,
they can include:
Dragon Style
Yin
or Fu
Li Zhenqing
Liang
YinYang
Yang